Tetrahydrofuran (THF): Lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem tshuaj lom neeg precision
Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Cov Khoom Siv Physicochemical
Kev Tsim Kho Molecular Tshwj Xeeb
THF cov qauv muaj ib lub nplhaib cyclic ether nrog ib lub atom oxygen, tsim cov cwj pwm tseem ceeb hauv qab no:
Kev Ua Kom Yooj Yim Polar: Lub sijhawm dipole ntawm 2.75 D ua rau hydrogen sib txuas nrog cov molecules polar thaum daws cov tshuaj sib xyaw uas tsis yog polar los ntawm kev cuam tshuam dipole, ua rau nws zoo tagnrho rau ntau yam kev ua haujlwm sib txawv.
Kev Ua Haujlwm ntawm Lub Nplhaib: Lub nplhaib ether raug acid-catalyzed ring-opening, ua kom yooj yim rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv xws li alkylation thiab polymerization. Qhov kev ua haujlwm no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov polymers xws li polytetramethylene ether glycol (PTMEG).
Cov Yam Ntxwv ntawm Lub Cev
Kev Ruaj Ntseg Thermal: Npau ntawm 66 ° C thiab khov ntawm -108.5 ° C, THF tseem yog kua thoob plaws ntau qhov kub thiab txias, tsim nyog rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kub qis thiab cov txheej txheem evaporation sai.
Cov Khoom Siv Thauj Mus Los: Qhov viscosity qis (0.55 mPa·s) thiab qhov siab ntawm qhov chaw (26.4 mN/m) ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ntub dej, tseem ceeb rau kev ntxuav thiab kev siv txheej.
Lus Cim Kev Nyab Xeeb: Kub hnyiab heev (flash point -17.2°C) thiab ua rau muaj kev sib xyaw nrog huab cua (1.8–12.4% vol), yuav tsum tau muaj kev tiv thaiv hluav taws kub hnyav.
Cov Ntawv Thov Tseem Ceeb Hauv Kev Lag Luam
Kev Tsim Khoom Polymer thiab Resin
Kev Sib Xyaws Polyurethane (PU):
Kev Tsim Khoom PTMEG: THF yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov polytetramethylene ether glycol (PTMEG), uas yog ib feem tseem ceeb hauv cov spandex fibers thiab thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs). Ntau tshaj 90% ntawm THF thoob ntiaj teb siv rau hauv qhov kev lag luam no, nrog rau txhua tuj ntawm spandex xav tau ~ 0.8 tons ntawm THF.
Cov Nplaum PU: Sib xyaw nrog DMF, THF tsim cov nplaum uas qhuav sai, khov kho rau khau thiab sab hauv tsheb, muab 35% cov khoom khov kho thiab 40% qhuav sai dua li cov txheej txheem DMF ntshiab.
Epoxy thiab Synthetic Resins:
Ua ib qho co-solvent hauv epoxy formulations, THF txhim kho kev sib xyaw thiab txo cov viscosity, ua rau muaj kev siv cov txheej txheem meej hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab aerospace.
Cov Tshuaj Organic thiab Cov Tshuaj Tshwj Xeeb
Cov Kev Tshwm Sim ntawm Grignard:
THF ua kom cov organometallic intermediates ruaj khov (piv txwv li, RMgX) los ntawm kev sib koom tes nrog magnesium ions, ua rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ua haujlwm tau zoo dua 15-20% piv rau diethyl ether. Piv txwv li: Hauv kev tsim cov tshuaj ibuprofen, cov kauj ruam Grignard raws li THF ua tiav ≥99.5% purity nrog ≤0.3% byproducts.
Cov roj teeb lithium electrolytes:
THF ua rau cov electrolytes uas siv lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF₆) conductivity (≥10 mS/cm2) zoo dua, thiab ua rau lub neej voj voog ntev dua 1,000 npaug (muaj peev xwm khaws cia ≥85%) hauv cov roj teeb lithium hlau.
Cov Kev Siv Tshuab Siab thiab Cov Kev Tshwj Xeeb
Kev Ntxuav Semiconductor: THF tshem tawm cov photoresist residues hauv kev tsim khoom microelectronics, ua tiav cov hlau ion contamination ≤10 ppb rau cov txheej txheem sub-14 nm.
Kev Siv Crystallization Hauv Tshuaj: Siv rau hauv kev rov ua cov tshuaj tua kab mob thiab cov tshuaj steroids, THF-dej systems tsim cov crystals sib xws (50–200 μm) nrog ≥99.9% purity.
Kev Rho Tawm Khoom Ntuj: Xaiv cov tshuaj lipophilic (piv txwv li, CBD, paclitaxel) nrog 25% kev ntshiab dua li cov kuab tshuaj tsis muaj polar, thaum txo qis kev puas tsuaj thermal los ntawm kev ua cov txheej txheem kub qis.
Cov Lus Qhia Tshwj Xeeb
| Lub Npe Khoom | Propionic Acid | |||||||||
| Cov Qauv Tshuaj | C3H6O2 | |||||||||
| Qhov Hnyav Molecular | 74.08 g/mol | |||||||||
| Qhov tsos | Cov kua tsis muaj xim pob tshab | |||||||||
| Qhov Kub Yaj | -20.8℃ | |||||||||
| Kub Kub | 141.1 ℃ | |||||||||
| Qhov Ceev | 0.993 g/cm³ | |||||||||
| CAS TSIS MUAJ | 79 - 09 - 4 | |||||||||
| Tus lej HS | 29155000 | |||||||||
| EINECS TSIS MUAJ | 201 - 176 - 3 | |||||||||
| Daim Ntawv Thov | Siv rau hauv plastics, pharma, khoom noj, cov kuab tshuaj thiab cov tshuaj tsw qab | |||||||||
Daim Ntawv Tswj Xyuas Zoo
| Lub Npe Khoom | Propionic Acid | ||||||
| YAM KHOOM | TUS NQI TXUJ CI (%) | TUS NQI XEEM (%) | |||||
| Cov Ntsiab Lus Propionic Acid, w/% ≥ | 99.5 | 99.9 | |||||
| Qhov Ceev (20/20 ℃) | 0.993-0.997 | 0.996 | |||||
| Kub Npaum Li Cas / ℃ | 138.5-142.5 | 139.4-141.1 | |||||
| Cov khoom seem uas ua rau qhuav, w /% ≤ | 0.01 | 0.006 | |||||
| Dej, w /% ≤ | 0.15 | 0.02 | |||||
| Aldehyde, w/% ≤ | ≤0.05 | 0.04 | |||||
| yooj yim oxidization, w /% ≤ | ≤0.05 | 0.01 | |||||
| Pb mg/kg≤ | 2.0 | ≤2.0 | |||||
| Raws li mg / kg ≤ | 3.0 | ≤3.0 | |||||
| Xaus lus | Ua raws li cov qauv ntawm GB 1886.210-2016 | ||||||
Kev Xav Txog Kev Nyab Xeeb thiab Kev Hloov Kho Hauv Kev Lag Luam
Kev Pheej Hmoo Txog Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv thiab Ib puag ncig
Kev Lom Zem: Kev ua pa ntawm cov tshuaj ntau (> 500 ppm) yuav ua rau CNS poob siab; kev raug tshuaj mus sij hawm ntev yuav cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub siab / raum. Yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv kev ua pa (APF ≥ 10) thiab cov hnab looj tes tiv taus tshuaj lom neeg.
Kev Cuam Tshuam Rau Ib Puag Ncig: Yuav lwj tau hauv av (ib nrab ntawm lub neej ≤5 hnub) tab sis muaj tshuaj lom rau cov tsiaj hauv dej (LC50 ntses = 110 mg/L). Cov dej khib nyiab yuav tsum tau kho kom zoo (COD ≤50 mg/L) ua ntej tso tawm.
Cov Lus Teb Txog Kev Cai Lij Choj thiab Kev Txawj Ntse
Cov Qib Purity:
Kev Lag Luam (≥99%): Rau kev tsim dav dav, tso cai ≤0.5% dej / aldehydes.
Hluav Taws Xob (≥99.9%): Cov Hlau ions ≤1 ppb, SEMI C8-ua raws li kev siv semiconductor.
Tshuaj (≥99.5%): FDA pom zoo, aldehydes ≤10 ppm rau kev tsim tshuaj.
Kev Ua Raws Cai Thoob Ntiaj Teb:
EU REACH: Txwv rau cov khoom siv sib cuag nrog zaub mov (kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw ≤0.05 mg/kg).
OSHA Tebchaws Meskas: PEL-TWA 200 ppm (590 mg/m³), yuav tsum tau saib xyuas huab cua hauv chaw ua haujlwm.
Vim li cas ho xaiv peb lub THF?
Kev Huv Huv Tsis Muaj Kev Txom Nyem: Cov txheej txheem triple-distillation siab heev ua rau THF qib hluav taws xob ntawm 99.99% purity, nrog ≤10 ppm noo noo thiab ≤1 ppm aldehydes, ua kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev sib xws ntawm ib pawg mus rau ib pawg (kev hloov pauv ≤±0.02%).
Kev daws teeb meem tshwj xeeb: Cov qauv tsim tshwj xeeb rau cov dej hauv (50–1000 ppm), cov theem peroxide (≤10 ppm), thiab pH (5.0–7.0), xws li cov peroxide qis THF rau cov tshuaj syntheses rhiab heev.
Kev Thauj Mus Los Uas Muaj Kev Nyab Xeeb: Cov khoom siv nitrogen uas npog cia thiab cov tshuab thauj khoom uas tsis tawg ua rau muaj kev nyab xeeb thaum pib tsim khoom mus txog thaum xa khoom.
Kev Tswj Xyuas Kev Nyab Xeeb: Ua raws li cov qauv thoob ntiaj teb SEMI, ACS, thiab FDA, txhawb nqa los ntawm MSDS uas hloov kho tau rau kev nkag mus rau hauv kev lag luam yam tsis muaj teeb meem.
Kev Koom Tes rau Kev Ua Zoo Tshaj Plaws ntawm Tshuaj
THF qhov kev sib npaug tshwj xeeb ntawm kev ua kom tau nyiaj, kev ua haujlwm, thiab kev hloov pauv tau ua rau nws yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb hauv kev siv tshuaj niaj hnub no. Peb txoj kev cog lus rau cov khoom lag luam huv si, kev tsim kho tshiab, thiab kev ua raws li txoj cai lij choj ua rau cov neeg siv khoom hauv cov yas, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab cov tshuaj muaj peev xwm tsav tsheb kom muaj kev vam meej. Xaiv peb cov THF los qhib qhov tseeb, kev ua tau zoo, thiab kev ruaj khov hauv txhua daim ntawv thov.