Thoob Ntiaj Teb - Premier Adipic Acid: Lub Tsev Tseem Ceeb rau Cov Polymers thiab Cov Tshuaj Ua Haujlwm Zoo
Cov Khoom Siv Lub Cev thiab Tshuaj
Tsos thiab Kev ntxhib los mos: Adipic Acid feem ntau yog cov hmoov dawb, crystalline lossis cov crystals me me, tsis muaj xim. Nws muaj cov qauv du thiab tsis muaj ntxhiab nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ib txwm muaj, uas ua rau nws haum rau ntau yam kev siv uas xav tau qhov tsis muaj kev xav.
Kev yaj: Nws qhia txog kev yaj nruab nrab hauv dej, nrog kwv yees li 1.44 g yaj hauv 100 mL dej ntawm 25 ° C. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yaj tau zoo heev hauv cov kuab tshuaj organic xws li ethanol, acetone, thiab benzene. Tus cwj pwm solubility no tso cai rau nws koom nrog ntau yam tshuaj lom neeg thiab cov qauv.
Cov Qauv Tseem Ceeb ntawm Lub Cev: Adipic Acid muaj qhov hnyav molar ntawm 146.14 g / mol. Nws qhov ceev yog nyob ib puag ncig 1.36 g / cm³ ntawm 25 ° C, uas yog me ntsis denser dua dej. Lub ntsiab lus yaj ntawm adipic acid yog 152 ° C, qhia txog nws txoj kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom khov mus rau cov kua hauv qab qhov kub siab. Lub ntsiab lus kub npau npau tshwm sim ntawm 337.5 ° C, txawm hais tias nws yuav pib lwj ua ntej mus txog qhov kub no hauv qab qhov siab ntawm huab cua. Nws lub ntsiab lus flash yog 207 ° C, qhia tias nws xav tau qhov kub thiab txias siab thiab qhov chaw hluav taws xob kom ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev kub hnyiab.
Kev Ua Haujlwm Tshuaj: Ua ib qho dicarboxylic acid, adipic acid muaj ob pawg carboxyl functional (-COOH), uas ua rau nws muaj cov tshuaj lom neeg siab. Nws yooj yim koom nrog hauv cov tshuaj esterification nrog cov cawv, tsim cov esters uas siv dav hauv kev tsim cov yas, cov roj nplua nyeem, thiab cov tshuaj tsw qab. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj diamines los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke polymerization los tsim cov polyamides, feem ntau yog nylon 6,6. Qhov kev ua polymerization no yog lub hauv paus ntawm cov khoom siv fiber thiab engineering plastics industries. Adipic acid kuj tseem tuaj yeem dhau los ntawm kev txo qis cov tshuaj tiv thaiv los tsim cov cawv sib xws thiab tuaj yeem ua rau muaj cov hauv paus los tsim cov ntsev, hu ua adipates.
Cov Cheeb Tsam Thov
Kev Tsim Khoom Polyamide (Nylon): Qhov kev siv adipic acid loj tshaj plaws thiab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov polyamides, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nylon 6,6. Hauv cov txheej txheem no, adipic acid reacts nrog hexamethylenediamine hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv condensation polymerization. Cov nylon 6,6 yog cov yas engineering ua tau zoo uas paub txog nws lub zog, kev ruaj khov, kev tiv thaiv kev sib txhuam, thiab cov khoom siv kho tshuab zoo heev. Nylon 6,6 siv dav hauv kev lag luam tsheb rau cov khoom xws li cov khoom siv cav, iav, thiab cov kabmob. Nws tseem yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam textile, qhov twg nws siv los tsim cov ntaub zoo rau khaub ncaws, ntaub pua plag, thiab upholstery vim nws lub zog, kev ua haujlwm siab, thiab muaj peev xwm tuav cov xim zoo.
Cov Plasticizers thiab Cov Roj Hmab: Adipic acid yog siv los tsim cov adipate - based plasticizers. Cov plasticizers no yog ntxiv rau hauv polymers, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog polyvinyl chloride (PVC), los txhim kho lawv qhov yooj ywm, processability, thiab durability. Adipate plasticizers yog nyiam siv rau hauv cov ntawv thov uas xav tau qhov kub qis, xws li hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev tsheb, cov yeeb nkab kho mob, thiab cov khoom PVC uas tiv taus txias. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov esters uas tau los ntawm adipic acid yog siv ua cov roj nplua nyeem hauv ntau yam kev siv hauv kev lag luam, muab cov khoom zoo tiv thaiv kev hnav thiab kev sib txhuam, thiab tsim nyog rau kev siv hauv cav, iav, thiab lwm yam tshuab.
Kev Lag Luam Khoom Noj thiab Dej Haus (Siv Tsis Ncaj Qha): Txawm hais tias adipic acid tsis yog noj ncaj qha rau hauv cov khoom noj, nws yog siv rau hauv kev tsim cov khoom noj - cov ntaub ntawv sib cuag thiab cov khoom siv ua khoom noj. Nws cov esters, thaum siv rau hauv cov txheej thiab cov sealants rau cov khoom noj - cov ntaub ntawv ntim khoom noj, pab ua kom muaj kev ncaj ncees thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom noj los ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev ua qias tuaj thiab tswj cov khoom tshiab. Tsis tas li ntawd, adipic acid - raws li polymers tuaj yeem siv rau hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv uas kov cov khoom noj thaum lub sijhawm ua, xws li cov siv conveyor thiab cov foob.
Kev Lag Luam Tshuaj thiab Kev Kho Kom Zoo Nkauj: Hauv kev lag luam tshuaj, adipic acid siv tau ua ib qho khoom siv hauv cov tshuaj. Nws tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ua tus neeg sawv cev buffering los tswj pH ntawm cov tshuaj thiab cov tshuaj ncua, ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov tshuaj ruaj khov thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo. Hauv kev lag luam tshuaj pleev ib ce, adipic acid esters siv rau hauv ntau yam khoom, xws li tshuaj pleev, tshuaj pleev ib ce, thiab tshuaj pleev di ncauj, los txhim kho cov qauv, txhim kho kev nthuav dav, thiab muab cov khoom emollient, ua rau daim tawv nqaij mos thiab du.
Cov Txheej Txheem Npaj
Kev Oxidation ntawm Cyclohexane: Qhov no yog txoj kev lag luam tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov kua qaub adipic. Cov txheej txheem pib nrog kev oxidation ntawm cyclohexane nyob rau hauv qhov muaj cov tshuaj catalyst, feem ntau yog cov tshuaj catalyst cobalt. Hauv thawj theem oxidation, cyclohexane reacts nrog huab cua lossis oxygen los tsim cov sib xyaw ntawm cyclohexanol thiab cyclohexanone, ib qho txheej txheem hu ua "KA roj" (ketone - cawv roj). Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog ua tiav ntawm qhov kub ntawm kwv yees li 150 - 160 ° C thiab siab ntawm 1 - 1.5 MPa. Tom qab ntawd, cov roj KA raug oxidized ntxiv rau hauv theem ob theem tshuaj tiv thaiv siv nitric acid ua tus neeg sawv cev oxidizing, feem ntau ntawm qhov kub ntawm 60 - 80 ° C thiab siab ntawm huab cua. Qhov thib ob theem oxidation hloov cyclohexanol thiab cyclohexanone mus rau hauv adipic acid. Txawm li cas los xij, txoj kev no muaj qee qhov teeb meem ib puag ncig, vim tias kev siv nitric acid tsim nitrous oxide (N₂O), cov pa roj av muaj zog, thiab xav tau kev tswj hwm cov dej khib nyiab zoo.
Cov Kev Siv Biotechnological: Nyob rau xyoo tas los no, muaj kev txaus siab rau cov txheej txheem biotechnological rau kev tsim cov adipic acid ua lwm txoj hauv kev ruaj khov dua. Cov kab mob me me, xws li cov kab mob genetically engineered lossis yeast, tuaj yeem siv los hloov cov khoom noj khoom haus rov ua dua tshiab, xws li qab zib lossis cov roj cog, mus rau hauv adipic acid los ntawm ntau txoj hauv kev metabolic. Piv txwv li, qee cov kab mob tuaj yeem tsim los tsim cov khoom nruab nrab uas tuaj yeem hloov pauv mus rau hauv adipic acid. Txawm hais tias cov txheej txheem biotechnological no tseem nyob rau theem kev txhim kho thiab ntsib cov teeb meem ntsig txog kev tsim khoom thiab kev siv nyiaj txiag, lawv muab lub peev xwm rau kev tsim cov adipic acid uas zoo rau ib puag ncig thiab ruaj khov dua yav tom ntej.
Cov kev ceev faj
Kev phom sij rau kev noj qab haus huv: Adipic acid tuaj yeem ua rau daim tawv nqaij thiab qhov muag khaus thaum kov ncaj qha. Kev raug daim tawv nqaij ntev lossis ntau zaus yuav ua rau mob dermatitis, thiab yog tias nws kov rau qhov muag, nws tuaj yeem ua rau liab, mob, thiab ua rau lub qhov muag puas tsuaj. Kev nqus cov hmoov av ntawm adipic acid tuaj yeem ua rau txoj hlab pa khaus, ua rau hnoos, ua pa nrov nrov, thiab ua tsis taus pa. Kev noj ntau ntawm adipic acid tuaj yeem ua rau mob plab hnyuv, suav nrog xeev siab, ntuav, thiab raws plab. Cov neeg ua haujlwm uas siv adipic acid yuav tsum hnav cov khoom siv tiv thaiv tus kheej, xws li hnab looj tes, tsom iav kev nyab xeeb, thiab lub ntsej muag ua pa, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig uas muaj hmoov av tsim tau.
Kev Pheej Hmoo ntawm Hluav Taws thiab Kev Tawg: Txawm hais tias adipic acid muaj qhov kub hnyiab siab, nws yooj yim hlawv. Hauv daim ntawv hmoov, nws tuaj yeem tsim cov khoom sib xyaw nrog huab cua yog tias tawg rau hauv qhov ntau txaus. Cov chaw khaws khoom yuav tsum khaws cia kom deb ntawm cov chaw taws teeb, thiab qhov cua zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb kom tiv thaiv kev sib sau ua ke ntawm cov hmoov av. Yog tias muaj hluav taws kub uas muaj adipic acid, yuav tsum siv cov tshuaj tua hluav taws tsim nyog, xws li hmoov tshuaj qhuav lossis carbon dioxide,.
Kev Cuam Tshuam Ib puag ncig: Adipic acid nyob ruaj khov hauv ib puag ncig. Thaum tso tawm rau hauv cov dej, nws tuaj yeem raug rhuav tshem los ntawm cov kab mob me me dhau sijhawm, tab sis qhov muaj ntau heev tseem tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau cov tsiaj hauv dej. Nws kuj tseem yuav cuam tshuam rau pH ntawm cov dej vim nws qhov xwm txheej acidic. Yog li ntawd, kev tswj hwm cov khib nyiab thiab kev tswj hwm kom zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb kom tiv thaiv kev tso tawm tsis raug tswj ntawm adipic acid rau hauv ib puag ncig. Cov lag luam tsim lossis siv adipic acid yuav tsum ua raws li cov cai ib puag ncig nruj kom txo qis nws qhov cuam tshuam rau av, dej, thiab huab cua zoo.
Cov Lus Qhia Tshwj Xeeb
| Lub Npe Khoom | Adipic Acid | |||||||||
| Cov Qauv Tshuaj | C6H10O4 | |||||||||
| Qhov Hnyav Molecular | 146.14 g/mol | |||||||||
| Qhov tsos | Dawb crystalline hmoov | |||||||||
| Qhov Kub Yaj | 152 - 153°C | |||||||||
| Kub Kub | 337.5°C | |||||||||
| Qhov Ceev | 1.360 g/cm³ | |||||||||
| CAS TSIS MUAJ | 124 - 04 - 9 | |||||||||
| Tus lej HS | 29171200 | |||||||||
| EINECS TSIS MUAJ | 204 - 673 - 3 | |||||||||
| Daim Ntawv Thov | Siv rau kev tsim cov nylon 66, polyurethane synthesis, thiab plasticizer manufacturing | |||||||||
Daim Ntawv Tswj Xyuas Zoo
| Lub Npe Khoom | Adipic Acid | ||||||
| YAM KHOOM | Cov Lus Qhia Tshwj Xeeb | Qhov tshwm sim | |||||
| Qhov tsos | Dawb crystalline hmoov | Dawb crystalline hmoov | |||||
| Cov ntsiab lus% (m/m) ≥ | 99.70 | 99.82 | |||||
| Qhov kub yaj ° C ≥ | 151.5 | 152.6 | |||||
| Ammonia dej chroma, platinum cobalt xim tooj ≤ | 5 | 2 | |||||
| Cov dej noo % (m3 / m2) ≤ | 0.20 | 0.18 | |||||
| Tshauv mg / kg ≤ | 7 | 2 | |||||
| Fe mg / kg ≤ | 1.0 | 0.2 | |||||
| Cov ntsiab lus nitrate mg / kg ≤ | 10.0 | 0.7 | |||||